>> 廣發(fā)證券-廣發(fā)宏觀:如何看歐央行降息及拉加德表態(tài)-240607
| 上傳日期: |
2024/6/7 |
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733KB |
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pdf 共7頁(yè) |
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廣發(fā)證券 |
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作者: |
郭磊,陳嘉荔 |
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此報(bào)告為加密報(bào)告,僅限高級(jí)會(huì)員查看 |
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2024年6月,歐央行議息會(huì)議1如期降息,理事會(huì)(The Governing Council)成員一致決定將歐元區(qū)三大關(guān)鍵利率均下調(diào)25個(gè)基點(diǎn),其中,基準(zhǔn)利率(deposit facility rate)從4%下調(diào)至3.75%,這是歐洲央行自2023年10月停止加息以來(lái)首次降息。 2024年6月6日,歐央行議息會(huì)議決定,將主要再融資利率、邊際借貸利率和存款利率將分別下調(diào)至4.25%、4.5%和3.75%。2022年7月、9月、10月、12月以及2023年2月,3月、5月、6月、7月、9月,歐央行先后十次上調(diào)基準(zhǔn)利率,將基準(zhǔn)利率從-0.5%調(diào)升至4%。 ECB主席拉加德在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)中的表態(tài)首先認(rèn)可自去年9月以來(lái)的通脹回落進(jìn)程,認(rèn)為高政策利率抑制需求并且引導(dǎo)通脹回落。其次,拉加德認(rèn)為現(xiàn)階段政策利率遠(yuǎn)高于(far away)中性利率,即3.75%的基準(zhǔn)利率仍具有限制性。展望未來(lái),拉加德表示很可能已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了降息周期進(jìn)程(dialing-backing process),但由于工資增速較高,通脹未來(lái)走勢(shì)可能有顛簸(bumps),歐央行會(huì)遵循數(shù)據(jù)依賴(data dependent)法則,因此無(wú)法確認(rèn)下一次降息時(shí)點(diǎn),這一點(diǎn)被市場(chǎng)解讀為略偏鷹派,隔夜期貨隱含歐元區(qū)年終政策利率水平從之前的3.25%回升至3.33%。 回顧過(guò)去,拉加德認(rèn)可自去年9月以來(lái)通脹回落的進(jìn)程,認(rèn)為高政策利率抑制需求并且引導(dǎo)通脹回落。此外,拉加德認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)階段政策利率遠(yuǎn)高于(far away)中性利率,即3.75%的基準(zhǔn)利率具有限制性,未來(lái)仍有下行空間。因此,現(xiàn)在適度降息是合適的。 “Since our meeting in September 2023, inflation has fallen by more than 2.5 percentage points and the inflationoutlook has improved markedly. Underlying inflation has also eased, reinforcing the signs that price pressureshave weakened, and inflation expectations have declined at all horizons.” “You asked me about the restrictiveness. We are currently restrictive, even after this 25basis point cut, as youwell know. And we are today more restrictive in real interest rate terms than we were back in September.” “There’s a strong likelihood that” we have started the dialing-backing process, “but it will be data dependent andwhat is very uncertain is the speed at which we travel and the time that it will take. “ECB isn’t pre-committing toa particular rate path.” 展望未來(lái),拉加德表示,未來(lái)通脹走勢(shì)可能比較顛簸(bumps),歐央行會(huì)遵循數(shù)據(jù)依賴(data dependent)法則,因此無(wú)法確認(rèn)下一次降息時(shí)點(diǎn),這一點(diǎn)被市場(chǎng)解讀為鷹派,隔夜期貨隱含歐元區(qū)年終政策利率水平從之前的3.25%回升至3.33%。此外,本次會(huì)議中,歐央行工作人員將2024年和2025年通脹分別上修0.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)至2.5%和2.2%,超出市場(chǎng)預(yù)期, “At the same time, despite the progress over recent quarters, domestic price pressures remain strong as wagegrowth is elevated, and inflation is likely to stay above target well into next year.” 整體來(lái)看歐央行目前仍屬于預(yù)防性降息。歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中樞盡管偏低,但短期尚不存在顯性衰退壓力。一季度歐元區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)超預(yù)期增長(zhǎng),實(shí)際GDP季度環(huán)比為0.3%,預(yù)期0.1%,前值-0.1%;GDP季度同比增速為0.4%,預(yù)期0.2%,前值0.1%,其中,南歐國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)較快,西班牙和葡萄牙一季度GDP環(huán)比分別為0.3%和0.7%,德國(guó)和法國(guó)增長(zhǎng)偏慢,一季度環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)均為0.2%。向后看,通脹回落疊加薪資粘性利好家庭部門實(shí)際收入增速保持韌性,而ECB降息亦引導(dǎo)銀行借貸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)一步趨松,支撐后續(xù)服務(wù)業(yè)和制造業(yè)修復(fù)。因此,本次會(huì)議中,歐央行將2024年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)從0.6%上調(diào)至0.9%;2025年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)從1.5%小幅下調(diào)至1.4%。 今年一季度,歐元區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)超預(yù)期增長(zhǎng),實(shí)際GDP季度環(huán)比為0.3%,預(yù)期0.1%,前值-0.1%;GDP季度同比增速為0.4%,預(yù)期0.2%,前值0.1%,主要受西班牙(環(huán)比0.3%)
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