>> 廣發(fā)證券-廣發(fā)宏觀:9月美聯(lián)儲會議紀(jì)要的關(guān)鍵信息-231012
| 上傳日期: |
2023/10/12 |
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廣發(fā)證券 |
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作者: |
郭磊 |
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此報(bào)告為加密報(bào)告 |
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美聯(lián)儲每年召開8次議息會議,會議紀(jì)要(Minutes)是對政策形成過程和政策背后邏輯的詳細(xì)說明,一般在會議三周后公布。10月11日公布的9月議息會議紀(jì)要有三點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵信息:第一,在9月會議中,幾乎所有(almostall)美聯(lián)儲官員認(rèn)為目前聯(lián)邦基金利率水平是合理的,但對是否仍有一次加息的決定有分歧:大部分(A majorityof)與會者支持還有一次加息,一些與會者(some)認(rèn)為進(jìn)一步緊縮不再必要;第二,美聯(lián)儲官員的重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)從加息的幅度轉(zhuǎn)變成高利率可能維持的時(shí)間,即high for longer;第三,美聯(lián)儲官員認(rèn)為貨幣政策已經(jīng)達(dá)到限制性水平,現(xiàn)階段加息過多或加息不足的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對平衡,美聯(lián)儲將謹(jǐn)慎前行(“proceed carefully”)。 美東時(shí)間2023年10月11日,美聯(lián)儲公布9月19-20日議息會議紀(jì)要。紀(jì)要顯示,第一,在9月會議中,幾乎所有(almost all)美聯(lián)儲官員認(rèn)為目前聯(lián)邦基金利率水平(5.25%-5.5%)是合理的,但對是否仍有一次加息的決定有分歧,大部分與會者支持還有一次加息,一些與會者認(rèn)為進(jìn)一步緊縮不再必要。(“A majority ofparticipants judged that one more increase in the target federal-funds rate at a future meeting would likely beappropriate, while some judged it likely that no further increases would be warranted. ”) 第二,美聯(lián)儲官員的重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)從加息的幅度轉(zhuǎn)變成高利率可能維持的時(shí)間,即high for longer。(“Severalparticipants commented that, with the policy rate likely at or near its peak, the focus of monetary policydecisions and communications should shift from how high to raise the policy rate to how long to hold the policyrate at restrictive levels”)。 第三,美聯(lián)儲官員認(rèn)為貨幣政策已經(jīng)達(dá)到限制性水平,現(xiàn)階段加息過多或加息不足的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對平衡。(“with thestance of monetary policy in restrictive territory, risks to the achievement of the Committee’s goals had becomemore two-sided;all participants agreed that the Committee was in a position to proceed carefully”。) 美聯(lián)儲的議息會議通常由工作人員(staff)提供一份基準(zhǔn)展望材料,供美聯(lián)儲與會者(participants)參考。本期展望顯示,基于偏強(qiáng)的消費(fèi)和經(jīng)濟(jì)韌性,美聯(lián)儲工作人員較7月進(jìn)一步上調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測,9月SEP亦將2023和2024年經(jīng)濟(jì)增速上調(diào)至2.1%和1.5%;同時(shí)認(rèn)為2024-2026年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能低于潛在增速,但基于就業(yè)供需再平衡持續(xù),失業(yè)率預(yù)計(jì)保持穩(wěn)定。 9月紀(jì)要顯示,美聯(lián)儲工作人員進(jìn)一步上調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測,同時(shí)認(rèn)為2024-2026年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能會低于2023年和潛在增速。雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能低于潛在增速對失業(yè)率形成上行壓力,但基于就業(yè)供需再平衡持續(xù),工作人員預(yù)計(jì)失業(yè)率保持穩(wěn)定(“the economic forecast prepared by the staff was stronger than the July projection, asconsumer and business pending appeared to be more resilient than expected. The staff projected that realGDP growth in 2024 through 2025 would be slower, on average, than this year and would run below the staff’sestimate of potential output growth. The unemployment rate was projected to remain roughly flat through 2026,as upward pressure from below-potential output growth was offset by downward pressure from furtherimprovements in labor market functioning”)。 最新經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)支持美聯(lián)儲的判斷:一方面,就業(yè)市場數(shù)據(jù)繼續(xù)偏強(qiáng),對應(yīng)薪資增速韌性,疊加通脹整體處于回落趨勢,導(dǎo)致居民實(shí)際消費(fèi)能力較強(qiáng);另一方面,制造業(yè)景氣指標(biāo)S&PGlobal制造業(yè)PMI和ISM制造業(yè)PMI觸底回升,制造業(yè)庫存同比由負(fù)轉(zhuǎn)正,非
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